Maths+Dictionary

Maths Dictionary


 * abscissa: x-coordinate. The abscissa of the point (//a, b//) is //a//.**
 * absolute value: the distance of a number from zero. The positive value.**
 * acceleration: the rate of change of velocity. If position is represented by s(t), then velocity

is s'(t) and acceleration is s"(t).** cartesian coordinates: a system whereby points on a plane are identified by an ordered**
 * acute angle: a positive angle that measures less than 90 degrees.**
 * acute triangle: a triangle each of whose angles measures less than 90 degrees.**
 * additive identity: The number zero is called the additive identity because when you add it**
 * to a number, N, the result you get is the same number, N.**
 * additive inverse: the additive inverse of a number, N, is the number that when you add it**
 * to N, the result that you get is zero. The additive inverse of 7 is -7.**
 * The additive inverse of -3 is 3.**
 * adjacent angles: two angles that share both a side and a vertex.**
 * altitude: the perpendicular distance from the base of a figure to the highest point of the**
 * figure.**
 * amplitude: half the difference between the largest and smallest function value of a**
 * periodic function.**
 * angle: the union of two rays with a common endpoint.**
 * antecedent: the hypothesis of conditional statement. The "if" part of an "if-then"**
 * statement.**
 * antiderivative: the antiderivative of a function, f(x), is a function, F(x), whose derivative is**
 * f(x). Also called the indefinite integral.**
 * apothem: the perpendicular distance from the center to a side of a regular polygon.**
 * arc: the set of points on a circle that lie in the interior of a central angle.**
 * arc length: s = integral (sqrt (1 + (dy/dx)2)) dx.**
 * arccos: If x = cos y, then y = arccos x. The inverse of the cosine function.**
 * arccsc: If x = csc y, then y = arccsc x. The inverse of the cosecant function.**
 * arccot: If x = cot y, then y = arccot x. The inverse of the cotangent function.**
 * arcsec: If x = sec y, then y = arcsec x. The inverse of the secant function.**
 * arcsin: If x = sin y, then y = arcsin x. The inverse of the sine function.**
 * arctan: If x = tan y, then y = arctan x. The inverse of the tangent function.**
 * argument: The independent variable in a function.**
 * arithmetic mean: The sum of a set of numbers divided by the number of numbers. Also**
 * called the average.**
 * arithmetic sequence: a sequence of numbers of the form**
 * //a, a + b, a +// 2//b, a +// 3//b, ..., a +// (//n -// 1)//b//**
 * arithmetic series: the sum of an arithmetic sequence.**
 * associative property of addition: (//a + b//) //+ c = a +// (//b + c//)**
 * associative property of multiplication: (//a * b//) * //c = a *// (//b * c//)**
 * asymptote: a straight line that is a close approximation to a curve as the curve goes off**
 * to infinity.**
 * average: same as arithmetic mean.**
 * axiom: a statement that is assumed to be true without proof. Postulate.**
 * axis of symmetry: a line that passes through a figure in such a way that the part of the**
 * figure on one side of the line is a mirror reflection of the part of the**
 * figure on the other side of the line.**
 * between: point //B// is between points //A// and //C// if //AB + BC = AC.//**
 * biconditional statement: a compound statement that says one sentence is true if and only**
 * if the other sentence is true.**
 * binary number system: the number system that uses only 0's and 1's. The places in the**
 * binary numbers are .......2n.......25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20.**
 * binomial: an algebraic expression that is the sum of two terms.**
 * binomial theorem: the theorem that tells how to expand the expression (//a + b//)n.**
 * bisect: to cut something in half.


 * pair of numbers, representing the distances to two or three perpendicular axes.**
 * center: the point that is the same distance from all the points on a circle. The point that**
 * is the same distance from all the points on a sphere. The point inside an ellipse**
 * where the major and the minor axes intersect. The center of a circle that can be**
 * inscribed in a regular polygon.**
 * center of mass: centroid.**
 * central angle: an angle that has its vertex at the center of a circle.**
 * centroid: the center of mass of an object. The point where the object would balance if**
 * supported by a single support. The point in a triangle where the three medians intersect.**
 * chain rule: dy/dx = dy/du * du/dx.**
 * chord: a line segment that connects two points on a curve.**
 * circle: the set of points in a plane that are a fixed distance from a given point.**
 * circular functions: same as trigonometric functions.**
 * circumcenter: the point in a triangle that is the center of the circle that can be**
 * circumscribed about the triangle. The intersection of the perpendicular**
 * bisectors of the triangle.**
 * circumference: the distance around a closed curve. The circumference of a circle is**
 * 2*//pi*r// where //r// is the radius of the circle.**
 * circumscribed circle: a circle that passes through all of the vertices of a regular polygon.**
 * closed interval: an interval that contains its endpoints.**
 * coefficient: a constant that multiplies a variable. In //A//x + //B//y = //C, A// and //B// are coefficients**
 * of x and y.**
 * cofunction: the cofunction of a trigonometric function, f(x), is equal to f(pi/2 - x). The**
 * cofunction of the sine is the cosine. The cofunction of the secant is the**
 * cosecant. The cofunction of the tangent is the cotangent.**
 * collinear: points are collinear if they lie on the same line.**
 * commutative property: //a + b = b + a. a*b = b*a.//**
 * complementary angles: two angles are complementary if their sum is 90 degrees.**
 * completing the square: the method of adding an expression to both sides of an equation so**
 * that one side becomes a perfect square trinomial.**
 * complex fraction: a fraction that contains a fraction in its numerator and/or denominator.**
 * complex number: the sum of an imaginary number and a real number written in the form**
 * //a + bi// or //r//(cos x + //i//sin x).**
 * component: the components in the vector (//a, b, c//) are //a, b,// and //c.//**
 * composite function: a function that consists of two functions arranged in such a way that**
 * the output of one function becomes the input of the other function.**
 * composite number: a natural number that is not prime.**
 * concave: a figure is concave if a line segment can be drawn so that it goes in, out, then**
 * back into the figure.**
 * conclusion: the part of an if - then statement that follows the word "then". Consequent.**
 * conditional statement: an if - then statement.**
 * cone: the union of all line segments that connect a point and a closed curve in a different**
 * plane from the point.**
 * congruent: shapes or angles are congruent if you could put one on top of the other, and**
 * they would look like just one shape. Equal.**
 * conic section: parabola, hyperbola, ellipse, circle. Formed by the intersection of a plane**
 * with a right circular cone.**
 * conjecture: a statement that seems to be true, but has not yet been proven.**
 * conjugate: the conjugate of a complex number is formed by reversing the sign on the**
 * imaginary part of the number. The conjugate of //a + bi// is //a - bi.//**
 * conjunction: a statement that is really two statements joined by the word AND. Both**
 * parts must be true for the statement to be considered true.**
 * consequent: the part of an "if - then" statement that follows the "then". Conclusion.**
 * constant: a value that does not change.**
 * continuous: a function is continuous if you can draw it without lifting your pencil off the**
 * paper. y = f(x) is continuous at //a// if**
 * 1. f(//a//) exists.**
 * 2. lim as x-->//a// f(x) exists.**
 * And**
 * 3. lim as x-->//a// of f(x) = f(//a//).**
 * contrapositive: the contrapositive of A-->B is Not B>Not A.**
 * convergent series: an infinite series that has a finite sum is called convergent.**
 * converse: the statement made by interchanging the hypothesis and the conclusion of a**
 * statement.**
 * convex: a set of points such that for any two points in the set, the line segment that**
 * connects them is also in the set.**
 * coordinates: a set of numbers that identifies the location of a point.**
 * coplanar: points that lie within the same plane are called coplanar.**
 * corollary: a statement that can be easily proven once a theorem is proved.**
 * cosecant: csc x = 1/sin x**
 * cosine: In a triangle, the cosine of an angle = (length of the adjacent side)/(hypotenuse)**
 * cotangent: cot x = 1/tan x**
 * coterminal angles: angles whose measures are 2//kpi// apart.**
 * counting numbers: natural numbers. The numbers you use to count.**
 * critical point: the point on a curve where the first derivative equals zero. Extremum.**
 * cube: a solid figure with six square faces.**
 * cubic: a polynomial of degree 3.**
 * cylinder: the union of all line segments that connect corresponding points on congruent**
 * circles in parallel planes.**

the left of the line //x = b.// The definite integral of //f//(//x//) = //F//(//b//) - //F//(//a//)**
 * decagon: a polygon with ten sides.**
 * decimal numbers: the numbers in the base 10 number system.**
 * decreasing function: a function is considered to be decreasing if f(//b//) < f(//a//) when //b// > //a.//**
 * deduction: a conclusion arrived at by reasoning.**
 * definite integral: the definite integral of //f//(//x//) between //a// and //b// represents the area under**
 * the curve //y// = //f//(//x//), above the x - axis, to the right of the line //x = a,// and to
 * where //F// is an antiderivative function for //f//(//x//).**
 * degree: 1/360 of a full rotation. There are 360 degrees in a circle. Unit of measure of an

angle.**
 * denominator: the bottom part of a fraction.**
 * dependent variable: the output of a function.**
 * derivative: the rate of change of a function. The derivative at x of f(x) is the slope of the

tangent line at (x, f(x)). y' = f ' (x) = [f(x + delta x) - f(x)] / delta x.**
 * determinant: the determinant | a b | = ad - bc.
 * c d |**
 * diagonal: the line segment connecting two nonadjacent vertices in a polygon.**
 * diameter: the line segment joining two points on a circle and passing through the center.**
 * difference: the result of subtracting two numbers.**
 * differentiable: a function is differentiable over an interval if it is continuous over the

interval and if the derivative exists everywhere on the interval.**
 * differential: an infinitesimally small change in a variable, represented by //d,// as in //dx,// or //dy.//**
 * differentiation: the process of finding a derivative.**
 * digit: the ten symbols, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are digits. Example: the number 365

has three digits: 3, 6, and 5.**
 * dimension: The dimension of a space is the number of coordinates needed to identify a**
 * location in that space.**
 * directly proportional: //y// is directly proportional to //x// if //y = kx.//**
 * discriminant: the discriminant of a quadratic equation, //ax2 + bx + c =// 0 is //b2 -// 4//ac.//**
 * The discriminant tells how many roots there are for the equation and the**
 * nature of the roots.**
 * disjoint: having no elements in common.**
 * disjunction: an //OR// statement.**
 * distributive property: //a//(//b + c//) = //ab + ac//**
 * divergent series: a series whose sum is infinite.**
 * dividend: In //a / b = c, a// is the dividend.**
 * division: the opposite operation of multiplication.**
 * divisor: In //a / b = c,// //b// is the divisor.**
 * dodecahedron: a polyhedron with twelve faces.**
 * domain: the set of all possible values of the argument of a function.

//e//:** 2.718281828..... The base of the natural logarithm function. //e// can be found from the series

a** a2 b2**
 * 2 + 1/2! + 1/3! + 1/4! + 1/5! + ...........**
 * eccentricity:** **A number that indicates the shape of a conic section. The eccentricity of**
 * an**
 * ellipse is given by**
 * e = __sqrt(a__2 __- b__2__)__
 * element:** **a member of a set.**
 * ellipse: the set of all points in a plane such that the sum of the distances to two fixed**
 * points**
 * is a constant. The equation of an ellipse with center at the origin is**
 * __x__2 + __y__2 = 1
 * ellipsoid: a solid of revolution formed by rotating an ellipse about one of its axes.**
 * empty set:** **a set that contains no elements.**
 * equation:** **a mathematical statement that says that two expressions have the same value.**
 * equilateral triangle: a triangle that has three equal sides.**
 * equivalent equations:** **two equations whose solutions are the same. For example:**
 * x + 3y = 10, and 2x + 6y = 20.**
 * even function: a function that satisfies the property that f(x) = f(-x).**
 * even number:** **a natural number that is divisible by 2.**
 * event:** **in probability, a set of outcomes.**
 * exponent:** **a number that indicates the operation of repeated multiplication.**
 * exponential function:** **a function of the form f(x) = ax, where a is a constant known as the

base.**
 * extremum:** **a point where a function reaches a maximum or a minimum.**


 * factor: one of two or more expressions that are multiplied together.**
 * factor theorem: If P(x) is a polynomial, then if P(r) = 0, then (x - r) is a factor of P(x).**
 * factorial: the product of all the integers from 1 up to the integer in question. The (!)**
 * exclaimation point is used to mean factorial.**
 * Fibonacci Sequence: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377.... The sequence**
 * in which every number is the sum of the two preceding numbers**

the** product of the numbers.** a sphere.** largest number that divides both //a// and //b// evenly.**
 * geometric mean: the geometric mean of two numbers is the square root of the product of
 * numbers. The geometric mean of n numbers is the nth root of the
 * geometric sequence: a sequence of numbers of the form //a, ar, ar//2//, ar//3//,....., arn-//1.**
 * geometric series: the sum of a geometric sequence.**
 * graph: the graph of an equation is the set of points that make the equation true.**
 * great circle: the circle formed by the intersection of a plane passing through the center of
 * greatest common factor: the greatest common factor of two numbers, //a// and //b//, is the


 * half plane: the set of all points in a plane that lie on one side of a line in the plane.**
 * harmonic sequence: a sequence is a harmonic sequence if the reciprocals of the numbers

in the sequence form an arithmetic sequence.** _ A = (//s//(//s - a//)(//s - b//)(//s - c//))** a2 b2** ---// cosh //x//**
 * heptagon: a polygon with seven sides.**
 * Heron's formula: a formula for the area of a triangle:
 * where //a, b//, and //c// are the lengths of the sides of the triangle, and**
 * //s// is half the perimeter.**
 * hexadecimal number: a number written in base sixteen.**
 * hexagon: a polygon with six sides.**
 * hexahedron: a polyhedron with six faces. A regular hexahedron is a cube.**
 * hyperbola: the set of all points in a plane such that the difference of the distances to two**
 * fixed points is a constant. The general equation for a hyperbola is**
 * __x__2 - __y__2 = 1
 * hyperbolic functions: the hyperbolic functions are defined as follows:**
 * hyperbolic cosine: cosh //x// = (1/2) (//ex// + //e-x//) **
 * hyperbolic sine: sinh //x =// (1/2) (//ex - e-x//) **
 * hyperbolic tangent: tanh //x =// sinh //x
 * hypotenuse: the longest side of a right triangle. The side opposite the right angle in a

right triangle.**
 * hypothesis: a proposition that is being investigated, it has yet to be proven.**


 * //i:// the basic unit for the imaginary number: //i//2 = -1.**
 * icosohedron: a polyhedron with 20 faces.**
 * identity: an equation that is true for all values of the variable.**
 * identity element: If * is an operator, then the identity element, //I//, for * is the number such**
 * that //I * a = a.// The identity for addition is zero, and the identity for**
 * multiplication is 1.**
 * identity matrix: a square matrix with ones along the diagonal and zeros everywhere else.**
 * If I is an identity matrix, then IA = A.**
 * imaginary number: a number of the form //ni,// where //n// is a real number, and //i//2 = -1.**
 * implication: a conditional statement.**
 * improper fraction: a fraction with a numerator that is greater than the denominator.**
 * incenter: the center of a circle that is inscribed in a triangle. The intersection of the**
 * angle bisectors of the triangle.**
 * incircle: the circle that can be inscribed in a triangle.**
 * increasing function: a function is increasing if //f//(//a//) > //f//(//b//) when //a// > //b.//**
 * increment: a small change, usually indicated by the greek letter delta.**
 * indefinite integral: the sum of the antiderivative of a function and an arbitrary constant.**
 * independent variable: the input number to a function.**
 * infinity: a limitless quantity.**
 * inflection point: a point on a curve such that the curve is concave up on one side of the

point, and concave down on the other side of the point.**
 * inscribed polygon: a polygon placed inside a circle so that each vertex of the polygon

touches the circle.** the natural numbers.**
 * integers: the set of numbers containing zero, the natural numbers, and all the negatives of
 * integral: If dF(//x//)/dx = f(//x//), then F(//x//) is an integral of f(//x//). The area under the curve of a**
 * function above the //x// - axis.**
 * integrand: a function that is to be integrated.**
 * integration: the process of finding an integral.**
 * intercept: the //x-intercept// of a curve is the point where the curve crosses the //x - axis//, and

the //y - intercept// of a curve is the point where the curve crosses the //y - axis.//**
 * inversely proportional: //y// is //inversely proportional// to //x// if //y = k/x.//**
 * irrational number: a number that cannot be expressed as the ratio of two integers.**
 * isometry: a transformation of a figure that does not change the distances of any two

points in the figure.**
 * isosceles triangle: a triangle with at least two equal sides.**
 * joint variation: //y// varies jointly as //x// and //z// if //y = kxz.//**


 * latus rectum: the chord through the focus of a parabola parallel to the directrix. The**
 * chord through a focus of an ellipse perpendicular to the major axis.**
 * law of cosines: //c//2 = //a//2 + //b//2 - 2//ab//Cos//C//**
 * law of sines: //a///sin //A = b///sin //B// = c/sin //C//**
 * least common denominator: the least common denominator of two fractions, //a/b// and //c/d,//**
 * is the smallest number that contains both //b// and //d// as factors.**
 * least common multiple: the least common multiple of two numbers, //a// and //b,// is the**
 * smallest number that contains both //a// and //b// as factors.**
 * lemma: a theorem that is proved mainly as an aid in proving another theorem.**
 * like terms: two terms each of whose parts, with the exception of their coefficients, is the**
 * same.**
 * line: a straight set of points that extends off into infinity in both directions.**
 * line segment: two points on a line, and all the points between those two points.**
 * logarithm: if //y = bx,// then logb //y = x.//**
 * logic: the study of sound reasoning.**
 * magnitude: the magnitude of a vector is its length.**
 * major arc: an arc of measure greater than 180 degrees.**
 * major axis: the line segment connecting the two vertices that are farthest apart in an**
 * ellipse.**
 * matrix: a table of numbers arranged in rows and columns.**
 * maxima: the points on a curve where the value is greater than that of the surrounding**
 * points.**
 * mean: average, arithmetic mean.**
 * median: the number in a group of numbers such that there are an equal number of**
 * numbers in the set greater than the number as are less than the number.**
 * midpoint: a point, //M,// on a line segment, //AB,// such that //AM = MC.//**
 * minima: the points on a curve where the value is less than that of the surrounding points.**
 * minor arc: an arc on a circle that is less than 180 degrees.**
 * minor axis: the shortest distance across an ellipse through the center.**
 * minute: the unit of measure of an angle that is 1/60 of a degree.**
 * mode: the number that occurs most frequently in a set of data.**
 * modulus: the absolute value of a complex number.**
 * monomial: an algebraic expression that does not involve any additions or subtractions.**
 * multiplicand: in the equation //ab = c, a// and //b// are multiplicands.**
 * multiplication: the operation of repeated addition.**
 * multiplicative identity: the number 1 is the multiplicative identity because 1 * //a = a// for all**
 * //a//.**
 * multiplicative inverse: the number, //b//, that when multiplied by a number, //a//, gives a result**
 * of 1. Reciprocal. //b =// 1///a.//**


 * natural logarithm: the logarithm with the base of //e.// Written: ln x.**
 * natural numbers: the counting numbers.**
 * negative number: a real number less than zero.**
 * normal: perpendicular.**
 * null set: same as empty set. A set with no elements.**
 * number line: a line on which every point represents a real number.**
 * numeral: a symbol that stands for a number.**
 * numerator: the top of a fraction.**


 * obtuse angle: an angle whose measure is greater than 90 degrees.**
 * obtuse triangle: a triangle with an obtuse angle.**
 * octagon: a polygon with 8 sides.**
 * octahedron: a polyhedron with 8 faces.**
 * octal number: a number in base 8.**
 * odd function: a function that satisfies the property that //f//(-//x//) = -//f//(//x//).**
 * odd number: a whole number that is not divisible by 2.**
 * open interval: an interval that does not contain both its endpoints.**
 * ordered pair: a set of two numbers in which the order has an agreed upon meaning.

Such as the cartesian coordinates (//x, y//), where it is agreed that the first**
 * coordinate represents the horizontal position, and the second coordinate**
 * represents the vertical position.**
 * ordinate: the second coordinate of a cartesian ordered pair.**
 * origin: the point (0, 0) on a Cartesian Coordinate System.**
 * orthocenter: the point in a triangle where the three altitudes intersect.**
 * orthogonal: perpendicular.**
 * parabola: the set of all points in a plane that are equally distant from a fixed point (called**
 * the focus) and a fixed line, (called the directrix).**
 * paraboloid: a surface that is formed by rotating a parabola about its axis.**
 * parallel: two lines are parallel if they are in the same plane and never intersect.**
 * parallelepiped: a solid figure with six faces such that the planes containing two opposite**
 * faces are parallel. Each face is a parallelogram.**
 * parallelogram: a quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel.**
 * pentagon: a five sided polygon.**
 * percent: a fraction in which the denominator is assumed to be 100.**
 * perfect number: a number that is the sum of all its factors except itself. For example, 6.**
 * perimeter: the sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon.**
 * period: the measure of how often a function repeats its same values.**
 * periodic function: a function that keeps repeating the same values.**
 * permutation: the permutation of //n// things taken //j// at a time is:**
 * //n//!**

(//n// - //j//)!
 * perpendicular: two lines are perpendicular if the angle between them is 90 degees.**
 * pi: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.**
 * plane: a flat surfaces that stretches off into infinity.**
 * polar coordinates: a coordinate system of ordered pairs in which the first number of the**
 * pair represents distance from the origin, and the second number of the**
 * pair represents the angle of inclination from the horizontal axis.**
 * polygon: the union of several line segments that are joined together so as to completely**
 * enclose an area.**
 * polyhedron: a solid that is bounded by plane polygons.**
 * polynomial: an algebraic expression of the form:**
 * //axn + bx//(//n-//1) //+ .......+ cx//3 //+ dx//2 //+ ex + k//**
 * positive number: a real number greater than zero.**
 * postulate: a fundamental statement that is assumed to be true without proof.**
 * power: a number that indicates the operation of repeated multiplication.**
 * prime number: a number whose only factors are itself and 1.**
 * product: the result of two numbers being multiplied.**
 * proper fraction: a fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator.**
 * proportion: an equation of fractions in the form:**
 * //a/b = c/d//**
 * proportional: If //y = kx//, then //y// is said to be proportional to //x//.**
 * protractor: a device for measuring angles.**
 * pyramid: the union of all line segments that connect a given point and the points that lie**
 * on a given polygon.**
 * Pythagorean Theorem: the theorem that relates the three sides of a right triangle:**
 * //a//2 + //b//2 = //c//2**
 * pythagorean triple: three natural numbers that satisfy the pythagorean theorem**

_ x = __-//b// + - (//b//__2 __- 4//ac)//__ 2//a//**
 * quadrant: one of the quarters of the plane of the Cartesian coordinate system**
 * quadratic equation: an equation involving the second power, but no higher power of an**
 * unknown. The general form of a quadratic equation in two unknowns is:**
 * //Ax//2 + //Bxy// + //Cy//2 + //Dx// + //Ey// + //F// = 0.**
 * quadratic formula: the formula that says that the solution to the equation //ax//2 + //bx// + //c// = 0**
 * is:
 * quadrilateral: a polygon with 4 sides.**
 * quartic: a polynomial of degree 4.**
 * quintic: a polynomial of degree 5.**
 * quotient: the answer to a division problem.**

(the side adjacent the same angle).**
 * R: abbreviation for the real numbers.**
 * radian: the ratio of an arc of a circle to the radius of the circle. On a unit circle, a full**
 * rotation around the circle is 2//pi// radians. On any circle, a full rotation is 2//pi r//**
 * radians.**
 * radius: the distance from the center to a point on a circle. The line segment from the**
 * center to a point on a circle.**
 * range: the set of all possible values for the output of a function.**
 * ratio: the ratio of two real numbers, //a// and //b//, is //a/b//.**
 * rational number: a number that can be expressed as the ratio of two integers.**
 * real numbers: the union of the set of rational numbers and irrational numbers.**
 * reciprocal: the reciprocal of a number, //a//, is 1///a//, (//a// cannot be zero).**
 * rectangle: a quadrilateral with four 90 degree angles.**
 * rectangular coordinates: same as Cartesian Coordinates.**
 * reflection: mirror image.**
 * reflexive property: //x// = //x// for all //x//. Every number equals itself.**
 * regular polygon: a polygon in which all the angles are equal and all of the sides are equal.**
 * regular polyhedron: a polyhedron whose faces are congruent, regular polygons.**
 * relation: a set of ordered pairs.**
 * remainder: if //m = nq// + //r//, then //m/q// has quotient //q// and remainder //r//.**
 * repeating decimal: a decimal in which the digits endlessly repeat a pattern.**
 * rhombus: a quadrilateral with four equal sides.**
 * right angle: an angle whose measure is 90 degrees.**
 * right circular cone: a cone whose base is a circle located so that the line connecting the**
 * vertex to the center of the circle is perpendicular to the plane**
 * containing the circle.**
 * right circular cylinder: a cylinder whose bases are circles and whose axis is perpendicular**
 * to its bases.**
 * right triangle: a triangle that contains a right angle.**
 * root: the root of an equation is the same as the solution to the equation.**
 * scalar: a quantity that has size but no direction.**
 * scalene triangle: a triangle with three unequal sides.**
 * secant: a line that intersects a circle or a curve in two places.**
 * secant: the reciprocal of the cosine.**
 * second: the unit of measure of an angle that is 1/60 of a minute.**
 * sector: a region bounded by two radii of a circle and the arc whose endpoints lie on those**
 * radii.**
 * segment: the union of a point, //A//, and a point, //B//, and all the points between them.**
 * series: the sum of a sequence.**
 * set: a well defined group of objects.**
 * similar: two polygons are similar if their corresponding sides are proportional.**
 * simoultaneous equations: a group of equations that are all true at the same time.**
 * sine: in a right triangle, the length of a side opposite an angle divided by the length of the**
 * hypotenuse of the triangle.**
 * skew: two lines that are not in the same plane.**
 * slope: the slope of a line is the change in the vertical coordinates/the change in the**
 * horizontal coordinates of any two points on the line.**
 * solid: a three dimensional object that completely encloses a volume of space.**
 * sphere: the set of all points in space that are a fixed distance from a given point.**
 * square: a quadrilateral with four equal sides and four 90 degree angles.**
 * square root: of a number, //x//, is the number that, when multiplied by itself gives the**
 * number, //x//.**
 * subset: A set, //B//, is a subset of another set, //A//, if every element in //B// is also an element of**
 * //A//.**
 * sum: the result of adding.**
 * supplementary: two angles are supplementary if their sum is 180 degrees.**
 * symmetric: two points are symmetric with respect to a third point if the segments joining**
 * them to the third point are equal. Two points are symmetric with respect to a**
 * line if the line is the perpendicular bisector of the segment joining the points.**
 * tangent: a line that intersects a circle in one point.**
 * tangent: in a triangle, __(the side opposite an angle)__
 * term: a part of a sum in an algebraic expression.**
 * terminating decimal: a fraction whose decimal representation contains a finite number of**
 * digits.**
 * tetrahedron: a polyhedron with four faces.**
 * theorem: a statement that has been proven.**
 * trajectory: the path that a body makes as it moves through space.**
 * transitive property: the property that states that if //a = b//, and //b = c//, then //a = c//.**
 * translation: a shift of the axes of the Cartesian Coordinate System.**
 * transversal: a line that intersects two other lines.**
 * trapezoid: a quadrilateral that has exactly two sides parallel.**
 * triangle: a three sided polygon.**
 * trinomial: a polynomial with exactly three terms.**
 * union: the union of two sets, //A// and //B//, is the set of all elements that are either in //A//, or in**
 * //B//, or in both //A// and //B//.**
 * unit vector: a vector of length 1. It is customary to designate i as the unit vector in the //x//**
 * direction, j as the unit vector in the //y// direction, and k is the unit vector in the **
 * direction.**


 * variable: a symbol used to represent a value.**
 * vector: a quantity that has both magnitude and direction.**
 * velocity: the rate of change of position. The first derivative of the position function.**
 * vertex: the point on an angle where the two sides intersect.**
 * volume: measurement of space.**


 * whole numbers: the set of numbers that includes zero and all of the natural numbers.**


 * x-axis: the horizontal axis in a Cartesian Coordinate System.**
 * x-intercept: the value of //x// at the point where a curve crosses the //x//-axis.**


 * y-axis: the vertical axis in a Cartesian Coordinate System.**
 * y-intercept: the value of //y// at the point where a curve crosses the //y//-axis.**


 * zero: the additive identity. The number that when you add it to a number, //n//, you will get**


 * //n// as a result.**